Blast furnace gas blast furnace gas is a byproduct of blast furnaces where iron ore is reduced with coke into metallic pig iron. Blast furnace gas is produced during the iron oxide reduction in blast furnace iron making in which iron ore, coke and limestone are heated and melted in a blast furnace and is an indigenous process gas of the steelworks industry pugh et al. Blast furnace, coke gas and converter gas for power production. Blast refers to the combustion air being forced or supplied above atmospheric pressure in a blast furnace, fuel, ores, and flux are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace, while a hot blast. It is lined with refractory firebricks that can withstand temperatures approaching 2000 o c. In the blast furnace, there are several chemical reactions taking place. Chemistry of the ironmaking by blast furnace process. Pdf blast furnace in engineering education researchgate. Larger lumps prolong the process of reduction and fluxing.
The use of combinedblast is the main way to improve the energy efficiency of blast furnaces n. The improved blast furnace is a multiblock machine added by immersive engineering. Pdf slagcoke interactions in the lead blast furnace. Improved blast furnace official feed the beast wiki. The blast furnace the activities are related to the work in the ks4 reactionsreactivity topic. Preheated air at about o c is blasted into the furnace through nozzles near its base the largest blast furnaces in the uk. Blast furnaces are also called high ovens a blast furnace is usually built with a steel case and bricks made of magnesium oxide or other refractory material inside. Pdf using blended learning method, blast furnace subject was analysed inside the didatec. The blast furnace is a huge, steel stack lined with refractory brick, where iron ore, coke and limestone are dumped into the top, and preheated air is blown into the bottom. The inside volume of the blast furnace is divided into different zones according to the physical significance and the chemical reactions occurring inside the furnace the top portion of the furnace is named as lumpy zone. Blastfurnace gas top gas, the waste gas from blast furnaces. Now there are nearly 700 blast furnace available in world. Blast furnace is used to reduce the iron ore to iron.
To fully understand the reactions that occur inside the blast furnace, it is required to determine the. They are then used to help heat the air blast, required if blast furnace is to reach the high temperatures needed to produce molten iron. Description of a blast furnace plant main parts of a blast furnace, description and function composition of a charge in the production of pig iron in a blast furnace agglomeration and pelletization of iron ores requirements to individual components of a blast furnace charge time for the study. Repair scope performed was designed to create 12 years of campaign life to the furnacethe largest blast furnace in north america producing,000 tons of iron daily. The charge is placed a giant chimney called a blast furnace. Modeling of burden distribution in the blast furnace doria. The purpose of a blast furnace is to reduce and convert iron oxides into liquid iron called hot metal. Once a blast furnace is started it will continuously run for four to ten years with only short stops to perform planned maintenance. Blast furnace sizing considerations for incredible india. This auxiliary equipment and the gaseous pathways inside a blast furnace process are shown in figure 2. The reductions are a serial of heterogeneous gas solid reactions that take place from the top of the furnace and throughout the shaft region of the furnace.
Pupils cut out and put the words for the word equations in the right place. Chemical reaction and massheat transfer phenomena in the blast furnace are considered in the calculation model so as to cal culate the ore and coke reaction. Blast furnace gas has a high carbon monoxide co content and a low heating value. The use of combinedblast is the main way to improve the. Pdf technological changes in blast furnace iron making. The emphasis is on olivine reactions with surrounding iron oxides. Blastfurnace gas article about blastfurnace gas by the. Schematic crosssection of a blast furnace and auxiliary equipment. They can be up to 60 metres 200 ft tall and 15 metres 49 ft in diameter. The purpose of a blast furnace is to chemically reduce and physically convert iron oxides into liquid iron called hot metal. It is the upgraded tier of the crude blast furnace unlike the crude blast furnace, the improved blast furnace will automatically export steel and slag immersive engineering to chests and may be. Basic structure of the fuel rate optimization model and its practical use at the blast furnace technology mikolaj bernasowski, andrzej ledzki, ryszard stachura, arkadiusz klimczyk. The following overview provides basic information necessary for a proper understanding of the problem of heat transfer. The blast furnace is a huge, steel stack lined with refractory brick, where iron ore.
Organisation of the materials the smart notebook file is saved as ks4 blast furnace. In the blast furnace stack, reduction is complicated by the presence of coke that causes the co concentration to be influenced by the boudouard reaction which is named after octave leopold boudouard. The types of blast furnace that are obtainable in the world of today include nonferrous blast furnace, iron and lead blast furnace. Technological changes in blast furnace iron making in india since last few decades article pdf available in international journal of science and research ijsr 212. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper. The purpose of a blast furnace is to reduce the concentrated ore chemically to its liquid metal state. Write down the reactions taking place in different zones.
The charge, which consists of iron ore, coke and limestone etc. Select chapter 3 making steel from molten blast furnace iron. Advanced blast furnace reaction simulator combining a. The method used in blast furnaces have been used since the 1500s. The blast furnace process can be briefly described as follows. Blast furnace sizing considerations for incredible india dr. The burning of coke therefore supplies most of the heat required in the process. The results of chemical analysis determined according to astm standard c311 12 are shown in table 1. Reports upon blastfurnace field tests, the iron and steel institute, special report no. It can not be expected that the industry shall combine thermodynamic data. Iron oxides, flux agents, and metallurgical coke are.
These materials must be in lumps of a certain size 4060 mm. The pc injection adopted the concepts and theories of combining oxygen. The ironmaking blast furnace bf is an efficient chemical reactor for producing liquid iron from solid iron ore, where the solids of coke and iron ore are charged in alternative layers and. The mineralogical phase composition of the pozzo lan was determined by the use of powder xray.
The blast furnace bf is the most widely used ironmaking. Pdf minerals and ironmaking reactions in blast furnaces r. The coke carbon burns with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide. Pelletizing a pellet plant contains a series of balling drums where the iron ore concentrate is formed into soft pellets, in much the same manner that one rolls a snowball, to make a pellet about the size of a marble between 14 and 12. These revision notes on the extraction of iron in a blast furnace and the process of steel making and other alloys should prove useful for the new aqa, edexcel and ocr gcse 91 chemistry science courses. Get an answer for what is the equation of the exothermic reaction in a blast furnace. Calculation of blast furnace size is empirical in nature. A blast furnace is a special type of furnace for smelting iron from ore. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace iron is also below carbon in the reactivity series, so therefore carbon can be used to reduce it note. The blast furnace is a large steel structure about 30 metres high. Today there are three kinds of blast furnaces used to create metals. Coke performance is affected both by its properties and blast furnace operation.
Smaller lumps block the fluegas passages and prevent a uniform descent of melting materials in the furnace. Iron ore pellet, sinter and lump is gradually reduced to iron in blast furnace. Gordon2 1department of metallurgy, ural federal university, russia 2department of metallurgy, hatch, canada abstract the world production of hot metal and pig iron in 2012 reached 1. A blast furnace works by blasting hot air up through the furnace while fuels, limestone, and ore move continuously through the top of the furnace. Sheet describing the 3 main reactions in the blast furnace. Bala paramanathan1, manish wadhwa2 danieli corus 1bv, the netherlands danieli corus india pvt.
The reduction of the iron oxide takes place in the cohesive zone. A blast furnace charge consists of coke, ore or sinter, and limestone. A major advance in bf ironmaking has been the use of pulverized coal which partially replaces. By malik mubashir university of the punjab lahore, pakistan 2. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. There are many zones that take place in blast furnace. Blast refers to the combustion air being forced or supplied above atmospheric pressure in a blast furnace, fuel, ores, and flux are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace, while a hot blast of air sometimes with. The iron ore, pellets and sinter then become the liquid iron produced in the blast furnace with any of their remaining impurities going to the liquid slag. Answers the blast furnace reactant purpose formula coke burns to produce heat and reducing agent c iron ore contains iron oxide which is reduced to iron fe 2 o 3 hot air to keep coke burning o 2 n 2 limestone remove impurities as slag caco 3 gridlock answer 1 reactant purpose coke iron ore to keep coke burning remove impurities as slag. Several reactions take place before the iron is finally produced. The hot and highly reducing gases ascending through the blast furnace come from the reaction of preheated air with incandescent coke at the tuyere zone near the base of the furnace.
The iron ore concentrate is now mixed and ready for the pelletizing process. Olivine reactions during reduction in blast furnace pellets. Stateoftheart computational fluid dynamics model optimizes fuel rate in. Fluidity of coal blend should be at lest above 250ddpm dial divisions. A blast furnace is a gigantic, steel stack lined with refractory brick where the concentrated iron ore, coke, and limestone are dumped from the top, and a blast of hot air is blown into the bottom.
How a blast furnace works introduction the purpose of a blast furnace is to chemically reduce and physically convert iron oxides into liquid iron called hot metal. The reactions taking place in the higher temperature range 900 1500 k in the blast furnace are. Reactions in the lower part of the blast furnace with. The blast furnace is around 30 metres high and lined with fireproof bricks. Two large blast furnaces that began their operation in 2009 and 2011 respectively. Reactions in the lower part of the blast furnace with focus. The present work focuses on mineral reactions and slag formation of lkab olivine iron ore pellets mpbo subjected to reducing conditions in the lkab experimental blast furnace ebf. Using coal coke immersive engineering for fuel, it converts iron ingots and blocks into steel.
Blast furnace products and there use size of blast furnace design of blast furnace is evolved through experience. The furnace charge, or burden, of ironbearing materials e. The blast furnace process has auxiliary equipment associated with it. Blast furnace is the focus of any integrated steel plant. The furnace gets its name from the method that is used to heat it.
What is the equation of the exothermic reaction in a blast. Air products offers a range of gasbased technologies and a full line of industrial gases, including oxygen and nitrogen to assist with your blast furnace operation. As the mixture of iron ore, coke and limestone heats, the hot waste gases are collected and cleansed. Oxygen can be injected into the blast furnace to improve combustion and facilitate the supplemental injection. When pci is not used, the two points merge into one and the model works as in the previous. Mineral reactions and slag formation during reduction of. The formation of iron and steel the blast furnace 2.
The hot carbon monoxide is the reducing agent for the iron ore and reacts. Step 2 the blast furnace the outer case is a water cooled steel casing that provides the main support for the 30 m high furnace. The principle of blast furnace operational technology and. Optimizing blast furnace operation to increase efficiency. Oxygen in the air reacts with coke to give carbon dioxide. Therefore, this section is included as an introduction chapter, we can say as a refresher. These zones have the particular time and temperature ranges for their occurrences, that is to say that it depends on the metal to be heated and melted. Modeling of iron ore reactions in blast furnace request pdf. Pdf the interaction between metallurgical coke and slag is an. Extraction of iron metallurgy blast furnace and reactions. Blast furnaces are used continuously and are only shut down when their brick lining needs replacing. All the three ingredients are crushed into small round pieces and mixed and put on a hopper which controls the input. Write down the reactions taking place in different zones in the blast furnace during the extraction of iron. In the blast furnace, reduction of iron oxides takes place in different temperature ranges.
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